Ameliorative Effect of Active Principles from Cilantro and Spirulina Powder on Lead Antagonism to Calcium and Magnesium in Carassius gibelio Bloch

Marioara Nicula; Nicolae Păcală; Lavinia Ștef; Ioan Peț; Ioan Bencsik; Tiberiu Iancu; Camelia Tulcan; Monica Dragomirescu; Dorel Dronca; Adina Berbecea; Eliza Simiz; Mirela Ahmadi; Adela Marcu; Silvia Erina

Authors

Marioara Nicula Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Nicolae Păcală Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Lavinia Ștef Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Ioan Peț Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Ioan Bencsik Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Tiberiu Iancu Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Camelia Tulcan Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Monica Dragomirescu Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Dorel Dronca Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Adina Berbecea Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Eliza Simiz Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Mirela Ahmadi Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Adela Marcu Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania
Silvia Erina Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timişoara, 300645-Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, Romania

Keywords:

calcium, cilantro, fish, lead toxicity, magnesium, natural chelators, spirulina

Abstract

The aim of this work was to investigate the calcium and magnesium tissue distribution in selected organs of Prussian carp specimens before and after experimental lead intoxication, with and without cilantro and spirulina powder addition in fish diet.

The study involved 120 individuals with similar biometric measurements, caught from a local fish farm and equally divided in four experimental groups, as follows: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO₃)₂x ½H₂O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized cilantro in feed), E3 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized spirulina in feed). Tissue samples (gills, muscle myotomers–epaxial, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, kidney) were collected at the end of a 21 days experimental period.

Atomic absorption measurements of the analytes were carried out with a AAS-VARIAN model.

Data analyses were performed using a SPPS IBM 22 software package. Significance of differences in the means content of calcium and magnesium in fish tissues were statistically analysed by ANOVA completed with post-hoc Tukey’s test.

The calcium and magnesium tissue concentrations were significantly reduced by sublethal lead-induced poisoning (p<0.001). But, coriander and spirulina powder were able to attenuate much of the lead antagonistic effect with respect to calcium absorption and bioavailability, spirulina being more effective in the case of the gill and renal tissue, while coriander in the case of cardiac tissue. Instead, spirulina powder has improved magnesium distribution in all analyzed tissues.

References

Sivakumar, R., Li, X., Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China, Toxicology Reports, 5, 2018, 288-295.

Nicula, M. Dumitrescu, G., Pacala, N., Tulcan, C.,

Dragomirescu, M., Ștef, L., Dronca, D., Gherbon, A.,

Ciochina, L. P.; Garlic, cilantro and chlorella’s effect on gill histoarchitecture changes in Cd-intoxicated Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 2016, 21(5), 11932-11940.

Nicula, M., Dumitrescu, G., Pacala, N., Stef, L., Tulcan, C., Dragomirescu, M., Dronca, D., Gherbon, A., Ciochina-Petculescu, L., Garlic, cilantro and chlorella’s effect on liver histoarchitecture changes in Cd-intoxicated Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio), Romanian Biotechnological Letters Journal, 21(6), 2016, 12062-12070.

Jia, Y., Wang, L., Qu, Z., Wang, C., Yang, Z., Effects on heavy metal accumulation in freshwater fishes: species, tissues, and sizes, Environ Sci Pollut Res Int., 2017 24(10), 9379-9386.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry), ATSDR’s Substance Priority List, 2017, https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/spl/.

Taweel, A .K. A., Shuhaimi-Othman M., Ahmad, A. K., Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from four selected markets in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. J. Biol. Sci., 2012, 12, 138-145.

Mobarak, Y. M. S., Sharaf, M. M., Lead acetate-induced histopathological changes in the gills and digestive system of silver sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna), Int. J. Zool. Res., 2011, 7, 1-18.

Bothaina, M. K., Imam, A. A. M., Ahmed, S. A. H., Abdel Salam, M. I. O., Effect of Lead Nitrate on the Liver of the Cichlid Fish (Oreochromis niloticus): A Light Microscope Study. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2012, 15, 854-862.

Nicula, M., Gergen, I., Harmanescu, M., Banatean-Dunea, I., Marcu, A., Simiz, E., Polen, T. Lunca, M., Assessing the impact of EDTA chelating effect on some macro- and microminerals in Prussian carp (Carassius Gibelio) tissues, Animal Sci. and Biotech., 2011, 44 (2), 40-44.

Nicula, M., Pacala, N., Stef, L., Pet, I., Dronca, D., Gherbon, A., Ahmadi, M., In vivo Experiments of Natural Products Protection of Antagonistic Effects of Lead on Iron, Rev.Chim., 68(12), 2017, 2747-2751.

Nicula, M., Păcală, N., Radulov, I., Ahmadi, M., Dronca, D., Gherbon, A., The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio, Rev.Chim., 2017, 68(9), 2006-2009.

Nicula, M., Pacala, N., Stef, L., Pet, I., Dronca, D., Ahmadi, M., Gherbon, A., Garlic and Chlorella Biomodulate Lead Toxicity on Manganese Homeostasis in Carassius gibelio Bloch, Rev.Chim., 2018, 69(4), 986-989.

Milner, C., The two best herbs for lead poisoning, 2016, https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-two-best-herbs-for-lead-poisoning_1957074.html

Aga, M., Iwaki, K., Ueda, Y., Ushio, S., Masaki, N., Fukuda, S., Kimoto, T., Ikeda, M., Kurimoto, M., Preventive effect of Coriandrum sativum (Chinese parsley) on localized lead deposition in ICR mice, J Ethnopharmacol., 2001, 77(2-3), 203-208.

Winarti, S., Pertiwi, C. N., Hanani A. Z., Mujamil, S. I, Putra, K. A., Herlambang, K. C., Beneficial of Coriander Leaves (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Reduce Heavy Metals Contamination in Rod Shellfish, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 953, conference 1.

Bangeppagari, M., Gooty, J. M., Tirado, J. O., Mariadoss, S., Thangaswamy, S., Maddela, N. R., Ortiz, D. R., Therapeutic Efficiency of spirulina against Lead Acetate Toxicity on the Fresh Water Fish Labeo rohita, American Journal of Life Sciences, 2014, 2(6), 389-394.

Upasani, C., Balaraman, R., Effect of vitamin E, vitamin C and spirulina on the levels of membrane bound enzymes and lipids in some organs of rats exposed to lead, Indian J. Pharmacol., 2001, 33, 185–191.

Hegazi, S. M., Fadl, S. E, Gad, D. M., El-Keredy, M. S., Abeerd, Effect of spirulina incorporated in diets of Tilapia nilotica fresh water fish exposed to lead toxicity , Conference: First Conference of Chemistry and Environmental Health, Animal Health Res. Inst. Agri. Res. Center, Egypt., 2014.

Nicula, M., Pacala, N., Stef ,L., Pet, I. Bencsik, I. Radulov I., Iancu, T., Tulcan, C., Dragomirescu, M., Dronca, D., Berbecea, A., Dumitrescu, G., Simiz E., Ahmadi, M., Marcu, A., The Effect of Active Principles of Cilantro and Spirulina Powder on Lead Antagonism to Zinc and Iron in Carassius gibelio, Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2017, 50(1), 265-271.

Nutrient Requirements of Fish, National Academy Press Washington, D.C. 1993.

Simkiss, K., Calcium metabolism of fish in relation to ageing. In: The Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Ageing of Fish, T. B. Bagenal, ed. Old Woking, U. K.: Unwin Brothers, 1974.

Toxicity of lead, http://users.ge.ibf.cnr.it/marchetti/piombo/toxicityoflead.html

Houston, A. H., Erthrocyte magnesium in freshwater fishes. Magnesium, PubMed, 1985, 4, 106-128.

CHOW, K. W., SCHELL, W. R., The minerals. In: FAO. Lectures presented at the FAO/UNDP Training Course in fish feed technology, ACDP/REP/80/11, 198.